Index of Catholic Martyrs
This index gathers a selection of Catholic martyrs from across the centuries, arranged by historical era to serve both as a reference and as a devotional aid for the faithful. It is not an exhaustive index, but highlights men and women whose fidelity to Christ led them to witness with their blood in times of persecution, conflict, and mission. Brief notes on their lives, patronages, and recognition by the Church are offered to help readers deepen their understanding, gratitude, and prayerful remembrance. If you click on the name of each martyr, you will be redirected to a reliable Catholic site that will provide additional information regarding the martyr and his/her life and ultimate death.
Early Church & Roman Persecutions (1st–4th Century)
The earliest centuries of the Church were marked by periodic Roman persecutions, during which Christians were executed for refusing to renounce Christ or worship pagan gods and the emperor. The martyrs of this era, many commemorated in the Roman Canon and early liturgies, helped to shape Christian identity and devotion. Their courage under torture and death remains a foundational witness to the faith.
St. Stephen
St. Stephen is venerated as the Proto-martyr, the first Christian to die for the faith as described in the Acts of the Apostles. A deacon in the early Jerusalem community, he boldly preached Christ and was stoned outside the city while praying for his executioners.
Patron of: Deacons, Altar Servers, Stonemasons, Bricklayers, Casket Makers, and those facing persecution
Year of Martyrdom: c. 34–35 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: December 26
St. Ignatius of Antioch
St. Ignatius was the third bishop of Antioch and an important early Christian writer whose letters reveal a deep theology of the Eucharist and Church unity. He is one of the Apostolic Father’s of the Church. Arrested under Emperor Trajan, he was taken to Rome and thrown to wild beasts in the arena.
Patron of: The Church in the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa, those devoted to Church unity, and throat disease.
Year of Martyrdom: c. 107 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: October 17
St. Polycarp of Smyrna
St. Polycarp was a disciple of St. John the Apostle and bishop of Smyrna, revered for his steadfast faith and pastoral leadership. When ordered to curse Christ, he refused and was burned at the stake and stabbed when the flames did not consume him quickly.
Patron of: Those Facing Ear Pain, Those With Hearing Issues, Dysentery, and Roman Asia Minor Christians
Year of Martyrdom: c. 155 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: February 23
St. Justin Martyr
St. Justin was a philosopher and apologist who converted to Christianity and used his learning to defend the faith before pagan critics. Beheaded in Rome under Marcus Aurelius, he became one of the most influential early Christian writers explaining the Eucharist and Christian worship.
Patron of: Philosophers, Apologists, and Lecturers
Year of Martyrdom: c. 165 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: June 1
Saints Perpetua and Felicity
Perpetua, a young noblewoman and mother, and Felicity, a pregnant slave, were Catechumens imprisoned in Carthage for their Christian faith. Their prison diary and the account of their martyrdom in the arena by wild beasts and the sword are treasured early Christian texts.
Patron of: Mothers, Expectant Mothers, Ranchers and Butchers, and Those Facing Persecution
Year of Martyrdom: 203 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as saints by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: March 7
St. Lawrence, Deacon and Martyr
St. Lawrence was a deacon of the Church in Rome, responsible for distributing alms to the poor and caring for Church treasures. Under Emperor Valerian, he was condemned for refusing to surrender the Church’s wealth and was famously martyred on a gridiron.
Patron of: Deacons, Cooks, The Poor, and Comedians
Year of Martyrdom: 258 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: August 10
St. Agnes of Rome
St. Agnes was a young Roman girl who chose virginity for Christ and refused marriage proposals from influential pagans. She was executed during the Diocletian persecution, and her purity and courage made her one of the most beloved virgin martyrs of the early Church.
Patron of: Young girls, Chastity, Purity, Virgins, Rape Survivors, and Engaged Couples
Year of Martyrdom: c. 304 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: January 21
St. Cecilia
St. Cecilia was a Roman noblewoman who consecrated her virginity to God and helped convert her husband and his brother to Christianity. She was condemned to death and, after surviving an attempted suffocation, was beheaded, dying in prayer and song.
Patron of: Musicians, Singers, and Poets
Year of Martyrdom: Traditionally c. 3rd century
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: November 22
St. Sebastian
St. Sebastian was a Roman soldier who secretly encouraged fellow Christians during persecution under Diocletian. He was condemned for his faith, shot with arrows, and later clubbed to death after surviving the first execution attempt.
Patron of: Soldiers, Athletes, and Those Afflicted by Plagues
Year of Martyrdom: c. 288 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: January 20
St. Lucy of Syracuse
St. Lucy was a young Christian woman in Sicily who dedicated her virginity to Christ and gave her dowry to the poor. Denounced during the Diocletian persecution, she was tortured and killed, and later legends associated her with healing of sight and protection of eyes.
Patron of: The Blind, Those With Eye Disorders, and Sicily
Year of Martyrdom: c. 304 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: December 13
St. Agatha of Catania
St. Agatha was a Sicilian virgin who refused the advances of a Roman official and remained faithful to Christ. She endured brutal torture, including the mutilation of her breasts, before dying in prison, and she has long been invoked for protection against fire and illness.
Patron of: Those Suffering from Breast Cancer, Nurses, and Protection Against Volcanic Eruptions and Fires
Year of Martyrdom: c. 251 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: February 5
St. Cyprian of Carthage
St. Cyprian was a convert, bishop of Carthage, and influential theologian who guided his flock through persecution and controversy. Refusing to sacrifice to the Roman gods, he was exiled and then beheaded outside the city.
Patron of: North African Christians and Those Facing Persecution for Church Discipline
Year of Martyrdom: 258 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church (Pre-Congregation)
Feast Day: September 16
Medieval Period (5th–15th Century)
The medieval era saw fewer empire-wide persecutions but many local conflicts in which bishops, missionaries, and lay faithful gave their lives for the Gospel. From clashes between Church and state to evangelization in frontier regions, these martyrs witnessed to Christ amid political turmoil, reform movements, and emerging nations.
St. Thomas Becket
St. Thomas Becket was Archbishop of Canterbury and a close associate of King Henry II before their relationship collapsed over the rights and freedoms of the Church. Becket was murdered by four knights in Canterbury Cathedral, quickly becoming a symbol of resistance to royal interference in ecclesiastical affairs.
Patron of: Clergy, England, and Those Facing Persecution From Political Authority
Year of Martyrdom: 1170 AD
Year of Canonization: 1173 AD (canonized by Pope Alexander III)
Feast Day: December 29
St. Stanislaus of Kraków
St. Stanislaus was bishop of Kraków and a strong moral voice in Poland who confronted King Bolesław II over his injustices. For his stance, he was killed while celebrating Mass, and his death was soon venerated as martyrdom for defending the Church and justice.
Patron of: Poland and Those Seeking Courage to Oppose Injustice
Year of Martyrdom: 1079 AD
Year of Canonization: 1253 AD (canonized by Pope Innocent IV)
Feast Day: April 11
St. Peter of Verona (Peter Martyr)
St. Peter of Verona was a Dominican friar and inquisitor who preached vigorously against heresy in northern Italy. He was assassinated by hired killers on the road from Como to Milan, reputedly writing the Creed in his own blood as he died.
Patron of: Inquisitors and Those Combating Heresy
Year of Martyrdom: 1252 AD
Year of Canonization: 1253 AD (canonized by Pope Innocent IV)
Feast Day: April 29
St. Wenceslaus of Bohemia
St. Wenceslaus was a duke of Bohemia known for his piety, support of the Church, and concern for the poor. He was murdered by political rivals led by his own brother near the doors of a church, and was honored as a martyr-king for his Christian rule.
Patron of: Bohemia, The Czech Republic, and Kings
Year of Martyrdom: c. 935 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early church (formal canonization later affirmed)
Feast Day: September 28
St. Olaf II of Norway
St. Olaf, king of Norway, worked to consolidate Christianity in his realm, often facing resistance from pagan nobles. He died in battle at Stiklestad, and his death was soon revered as martyrdom for the Christianization of Norway.
Patron of: Carvers, Difficult Marriages, Norway, Faroe Islands, Kings, and Converts to Christianity
Year of Martyrdom: 1030 AD
Year of Canonization: c. 1031 AD (canonized locally; later universally recognized)
Feast Day: July 29
St. Edmund the Martyr
St. Edmund was king of East Anglia who resisted Viking invaders and refused to renounce his Christian faith. Captured, he was tied to a tree, shot with arrows, and beheaded, later venerated as a royal martyr in England.
Patron of: Kings, Pandemics, Torture Victims, Wolves, Protection Against Tyrants, and the English People
Year of Martyrdom: 869 AD
Year of Canonization: Recognized as a saint by the early Church
Feast Day: November 20
Blessed Ramon Llull
Blessed Ramon Llull was a Catalan layman, scholar, and mystic dedicated to evangelizing Muslims through dialogue, learning, and mission. According to tradition, he was stoned near Tunis after preaching Christ, dying from his injuries aboard a ship returning to Mallorca.
Patron of: Inter-religious Dialogue, Philosophers, and Computer Scientists (by later association with logic)
Year of Martyrdom: c. 1316 AD
Year of Beatification: 1847 AD (beatified by Pope Pius IX; not yet canonized)
Feast Day: June 30
St. Joan of Arc
St. Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who, believing herself sent by God, led French forces to key victories during the Hundred Years’ War. Captured, she was tried for heresy in an English-backed court and burned at the stake, later vindicated and honored as a martyr and national heroine.
Patron of: France, Soldiers, and Those Ridiculed for Their Faith
Year of Martyrdom: 1431 AD
Year of Canonization: 1920 AD (canonized by Pope Benedict XV)
Feast Day: May 30
Reformation Era (16th Century)
The upheavals of the Reformation brought new forms of religious and political conflict, especially in England and parts of Europe where Catholic loyalty was outlawed or heavily penalized. Many clergy, religious, and laypeople were executed for refusing oaths that denied papal authority or Catholic teaching, or for quietly sustaining sacramental life in secret.
St. Thomas More
St. Thomas More was a humanist scholar, lawyer, and Lord Chancellor of England who remained faithful to the papacy during Henry VIII’s break with Rome. Refusing to acknowledge the king as supreme head of the Church, he was convicted of treason and beheaded on Tower Hill.
Patron of: Adopted Children, Statesmen, Lawyers, Difficult Marriages, and Those Defending Conscience
Year of Martyrdom: 1535 AD
Year of Canonization: 1935 AD (canonized by Pope Pius XI)
Feast Day: June 22
St. John Fisher
St. John Fisher was bishop of Rochester and the only English bishop to refuse the oath of supremacy to Henry VIII. For his steadfast defense of the Church’s teaching on marriage and papal primacy, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and beheaded shortly before Thomas More.
Patron of: Teachers, Theologians, and Those Defending Church Doctrine
Year of Martyrdom: 1535 AD
Year of Canonization: 1935 AD (canonized by Pope Pius XI)
Feast Day: June 22
St. Edmund Campion
St. Edmund Campion was an Oxford scholar who became a Jesuit priest and secretly ministered to Catholics in Elizabethan England. Arrested, tortured, and tried for treason, he was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn for his priestly ministry and refusal to deny the faith.
Patron of: Jesuit Missionaries and Catholic Educators
Year of Martyrdom: 1581 AD
Year of Canonization: 1970 AD (canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI)
Feast Day: December 1
Blessed Margaret Clitherow
Blessed Margaret Clitherow was a married woman in York who sheltered priests and hosted clandestine Masses in her home. She was arrested and, refusing to plead so as to protect her children from testifying, was pressed to death under heavy weights for harboring Catholic clergy.
Patron of: Businesswomen, Converts, and Pregnant Women
Year of Martyrdom: 1586 AD
Year of Beatification: 1929 AD (beatified by Pope Pius XI; not yet canonized)
Feast Day: March 26
St. Robert Southwell
St. Robert Southwell was a Jesuit priest and poet who returned secretly to England to minister to persecuted Catholics. Betrayed and captured, he endured long imprisonment and torture before being executed by hanging, drawing, and quartering at Tyburn.
Patron of: Catholic writers and Poets Under Persecution
Year of Martyrdom: 1595 AD
Year of Canonization: 1970 AD (canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI)
Feast Day: February 21
St. Margaret Ward
St. Margaret Ward was a laywoman in London who helped a priest escape from prison by smuggling in a rope. Discovered, she was arrested, tortured, and ultimately hanged at Tyburn for aiding a Catholic clergyman.
Patron of: Prisoners and Those Who Assist Persecuted Christians
Year of Martyrdom: 1588 AD
Year of Canonization: 1970 AD (canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI)
Feast Day: August 28
St. Cuthbert Mayne
St. Cuthbert Mayne was one of the first seminary priests trained at Douai to return to England after the Reformation. Arrested for possessing a papal bull and ministering as a priest, he was condemned under anti-Catholic laws and executed at Launceston.
Patron of: Cornish Catholics and English Seminary Priests
Year of Martyrdom: 1577 AD
Year of Canonization: 1970 AD (canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI)
Feast Day: October 29
St. Anne Line
St. Anne Line was an English convert who managed a safe house for priests in London. When authorities raided her home during Mass, she took full responsibility, was arrested, and later hanged at Tyburn for harboring Catholic clergy.
Patron of: Widows and Those Who Protect Persecuted Catholic Communities
Year of Martyrdom: 1601 AD
Year of Canonization: 1970 AD (canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI)
Feast Day: February 27
Blessed William Howard, Viscount Stafford
Blessed William Howard was an English nobleman accused falsely during the anti-Catholic hysteria of the so-called Popish Plot. Condemned for treason largely because of his Catholic faith, he was beheaded on Tower Hill and later recognized as a martyr to anti-Catholic persecution.
Patron of: English Catholics Enduring Political Suspicion
Year of Martyrdom: 1680 AD
Year of Beatification: 1929 AD (beatified by Pope Pius XI; not yet canonized)
Feast Day: December 29
Age of Exploration & Missions (16th–17th Century)
As European exploration expanded across the globe, missionaries carried the Gospel to the Americas, Africa, and Asia, often at great personal risk. Many were killed in conflicts, misunderstandings, or deliberate persecutions as they worked to plant the Church in new lands and cultures, frequently alongside indigenous converts who shared their fate.
St. Isaac Jogues
St. Isaac Jogues was a French Jesuit missionary among the Huron and other Indigenous peoples in North America. After enduring torture and enslavement and briefly returning to France, he chose to go back to the missions, where he was finally killed near present-day New York state.
Patron of: North American Missions and Missionaries Working in Difficult Regions
Year of Martyrdom: 1646 AD
Year of Canonization: 1930 AD (canonized among the North American Martyrs by Pope Pius XI)
Feast Day: October 19
St. Jean de Brébeuf
St. Jean de Brébeuf was a French Jesuit who lived for years among the Huron, learning their language and composing catechisms and hymns. Captured during inter-tribal warfare, he suffered extreme torture and was killed, bearing witness to Christ with remarkable fortitude.
Patron of: Canada and Missionaries to Indigenous Peoples
Year of Martyrdom: 1649 AD
Year of Canonization: 1930 AD (canonized among the North American Martyrs by Pope Pius XI)
Feast Day: October 19
St. Paul Miki and Companions
St. Paul Miki was a Japanese Jesuit seminarian who, along with fellow Japanese Catholics and missionaries, was arrested during intense persecution. They were marched to Nagasaki, crucified on a hillside, and died singing hymns and proclaiming forgiveness for their executioners.
Patron of: Japan and Christian Evangelists in Hostile Environments
Year of Martyrdom: 1597 AD
Year of Canonization: 1862 AD (canonized by Pope Pius IX)
Feast Day: February 6
St. Roque González de Santa Cruz
St. Roque González was a Paraguayan-born Jesuit who founded reductions (mission communities) among the Guaraní in the Río de la Plata region. Opposed by local chieftains, he and his companions Alonso Rodríguez and Juan del Castillo were attacked and killed for their missionary work.
Patron of: Paraguay and missionary collaboration with Indigenous peoples
Year of Martyrdom: 1628 AD
Year of Canonization: 1988 AD (canonized by Pope John Paul II)
Feast Day: November 17
St. Andrew Kim Taegon
St. Andrew Kim Taegon was the first native Korean Catholic priest, ordained after studying in Macao and returning to Korea secretly. Arrested during a fierce persecution, he was tortured and beheaded near Seoul, joining many other Korean martyrs in witnessing to the faith.
Patron of: Korea and Korean Clergy
Year of Martyrdom: 1846 AD
Year of Canonization: 1984 AD (canonized among the Korean Martyrs by Pope John Paul II)
Feast Day: September 20
St. Pedro Bautista and the 26 Martyrs of Japan (Franciscan group)
St. Pedro Bautista was a Spanish Franciscan missionary in the Philippines and Japan, serving the poor and advising local rulers. He and several companions were crucified in Nagasaki during a wave of anti-Christian persecution, sharing the same hill of martyrdom as earlier victims.
Patron of: Missionaries in East Asia and Franciscan Evangelization
Year of Martyrdom: 1597 AD (with the group commonly remembered together)
Year of Canonization: 1862 AD (canonized by Pope Pius IX)
Feast Day: February 6
St. Philip of Jesus
St. Philip of Jesus was a Mexican Franciscan who, after a period of worldly life, pursued holiness and sailed toward mission work in the Philippines. Shipwrecked in Japan, he was arrested and crucified in Nagasaki with other missionaries and Japanese Christians, becoming the first canonized Mexican saint.
Patron of: Mexico City and Novices Seeking Conversion of Life
Year of Martyrdom: 1597 AD
Year of Canonization: 1862 AD (canonized by Pope Pius IX)
Feast Day: February 5
Blessed Antonio Valdivieso
Blessed Antonio Valdivieso was a Dominican bishop of Nicaragua and Costa Rica who defended the rights of Indigenous peoples against colonial abuses. He was assassinated by conspirators linked to powerful families angered by his denunciations, and is honored as a martyr for justice.
Patron of: Indigenous Rights and Bishops Confronting Injustice
Year of Martyrdom: 1550 AD
Year of Beatification: Recognized locally as a martyr; formal beatification process ongoing (no official beatification date yet)
St. Jacques Berthieu
Blessed Jacques Berthieu was a French Jesuit missionary in Madagascar, serving as pastor and catechist among local communities. During an uprising, he refused to abandon his flock and was captured, tortured, and shot for his priestly fidelity.
Patron of: Madagascar and missionaries in times of unrest
Year of Martyrdom: 1896 AD
Year of Beatification: 1965 AD (beatified by Pope Paul VI; canonized in 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI)
Feast Day: June 8
Modern Era (18th–20th Century)
The modern era has seen intense anti-Catholic persecutions in the context of revolutions, totalitarian regimes, and civil conflicts. From Mexico and Spain to Nazi and Communist oppression, countless believers have suffered imprisonment, torture, and death for their fidelity to Christ and the Church, offering a contemporary witness that martyrdom is not only an ancient reality.
Blessed Miguel Pro
Blessed Miguel Pro was a Mexican Jesuit priest who ministered in secret during the Cristero persecution when public worship was outlawed. Arrested on false charges of involvement in a bombing, he was executed by firing squad, dying with arms outstretched and the words “Viva Cristo Rey!” on his lips.
Patron of: Mexico, Those Facing Persecution, and Photographers (for the famous images of his martyrdom)
Year of Martyrdom: 1927 AD
Year of Beatification: 1988 AD (beatified by Pope John Paul II; not yet canonized)
Feast Day: November 23
St. Maximilian Kolbe
St. Maximilian Kolbe was a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar, founder of evangelizing media and the Militia Immaculatae. Imprisoned in Auschwitz, he volunteered to die in place of a fellow prisoner sentenced to starvation, and was later killed by lethal injection, offering his life in charity.
Patron of: Prisoners, The Pro-Life Movement, and Those Suffering from Addiction
Year of Martyrdom: 1941 AD
Year of Canonization: 1982 AD (canonized by Pope John Paul II as a “martyr of charity”)
Feast Day: August 14
Blessed Franz Jägerstätter
Blessed Franz Jägerstätter was an Austrian farmer and father who refused to serve in Hitler’s army because of his Catholic conscience. Imprisoned and executed by beheading, he is honored as a lay martyr who chose fidelity to Christ over national and social pressure.
Patron of: Conscientious Objectors and Lay Witnesses to Peace
Year of Martyrdom: 1943 AD
Year of Beatification: 2007 AD (beatified by Pope Benedict XVI; not yet canonized)
Feast Day: August 8
St. Óscar Romero
St. Óscar Romero was archbishop of San Salvador who became an outspoken defender of the poor and a critic of violence and injustice during El Salvador’s civil conflict. He was shot by an assassin while celebrating Mass at a hospital chapel, having repeatedly offered his life for his people.
Patron of: El Salvador, Those Working for Social Justice, and Persecuted Clergy
Year of Martyrdom: 1980 AD
Year of Canonization: 2018 AD (canonized by Pope Francis)
Feast Day: March 24
St. Titus Brandsma
St. Titus Brandsma was a Dutch Carmelite priest, philosopher, and journalist who opposed Nazi propaganda and defended the freedom of the Catholic press. Arrested and sent to Dachau, he endured harsh treatment before being killed by a lethal injection administered by a camp nurse.
Patron of: Journalists, Catholic Media, and Those Resisting Totalitarian Ideologies
Year of Martyrdom: 1942 AD
Year of Canonization: 2022 AD (canonized by Pope Francis)
Feast Day: July 27
Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
The Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War include thousands of bishops, priests, religious, and laypeople killed between 1936 and 1939 for their Catholic faith. Many were executed simply for wearing clerical garb, teaching the faith, or maintaining churches, and they have been beatified and canonized in large groups over recent decades.
Patron of: Spain in times of trial and all who suffer for religious freedom
Year of Martyrdom: Primarily 1936–1939 AD
Year of Canonization: Various beatifications and canonizations, including large groups in 1987, 2007, and later (by Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis)
Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko
Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko was a Polish diocesan priest who supported the Solidarity movement and preached courage, truth, and nonviolence under Communist rule. Kidnapped and beaten to death by security agents, he is widely honored as a martyr for human rights and religious freedom.
Patron of: Solidarity Workers, Poland, and Those Opposing Oppression
Year of Martyrdom: 1984 AD
Year of Beatification: 2010 AD (beatified by Pope Benedict XVI; canonization cause ongoing)
St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein)
St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, born Edith Stein, was a Jewish philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun. Arrested by the Nazis in retaliation for Dutch bishops’ protests against deportations, she was deported to Auschwitz and killed in the gas chambers.
Patron of: Europe, Philosophers, and Those Seeking Truth Across Faith Traditions
Year of Martyrdom: 1942 AD
Year of Canonization: 1998 AD (canonized by Pope John Paul II)
Feast Day: August 9
St. Andrew Dũng-Lạc and Companions (Vietnamese Martyrs)
St. Andrew Dũng-Lạc was a Vietnamese diocesan priest martyred during severe persecutions of Christians in Vietnam in the 18th and 19th centuries. He represents a large group of bishops, priests, religious, and lay faithful who were beheaded, strangled, or otherwise executed for refusing to abandon the faith.
Patron of: Vietnam and Persecuted Asian Christians
Year of Martyrdom: 1839 AD (for Andrew Dũng-Lạc; group martyrs span 1745–1862 AD)
Year of Canonization: 1988 AD (canonized by Pope John Paul II)
Feast Day: November 24
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